MBTC 1087
RURAL INLAND WATERWAYS ECONOMIC IMPACT KIT (USER GUIDE)PREPARED BY:
Dr. Gregory L. Hamilton, Institute for Economic Advancement, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
David Rasmussen
Xiaogin ZengFUNDED BY:
Mack-Blackwell Rural Transportation Center, University of Arkansas
August 2000
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The primary objective of the project was to develop a PC-based Kit allowing users to evaluate the economic impact of existing rural inland waterways ports and terminals. By using the Kit the importance to a community of a port and terminals can be quantified. The Kit is designed so that users can follow a step-by-step procedure focusing on the economic impact of the totality of a port or terminal operation and linkage to the community’s industrial structures and transportation systems. The origin of the design is Maritime Administration Port Economic Impact Kit developed in the 1970s.
Two documents accompany the Rural Inland Waterways Kit. A User Guide has been prepared to guide the user through the operation of the Kit. By following the step-by-step procedures in the Guide, the user is led through an economic impact analysis of the various activities at a port or terminal. An Analysis Manual has also been prepared to assist the user. The Analysis Manual focuses on the details and processes that will be necessary when using the Kit to perform an economic impact analysis of a port or terminal. Included in the discussion are data collection requirements, methodology issues, and the interpretation of the findings.
Several people and institutions provided valuable support to this project. David Rasmussen preformed the computer programming tasks and the industrial classification details. Xiaogin Zeng a graduate student assistant, worked on data collection. Appreciation is expressed to the Planning and Research Division of the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department for initiating and supporting for the project. Last but certainly not least, I am grateful to the Mack-Blackwell National Rural Transportation Study Center at the University of Arkansas for their financial support.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1.1 Setup Program
- 1.2 Starting the Kit
CHAPTER 2: DATA REQUIREMENTS, MODEL SELECTION, AND REGIONALIZATION
- 2.1 New Model or Previous Screen
- 2.2 Constructing a New Model
- 2.2.1 Regional Model or National Model
- 2.2.2 Level of Industrial Aggregation
- 2.2.3 Saving a New Model
- 2.2.4 Choose a Year
- 2.2.4.1 Missing Year
- 2.2.4.2 Multiple Year Study
- 2.2.5 National Default Model and Other National Models
- 2.2.6 Choose a State
- 2.2.6.1 Modifying Indirect Business Tax Rates
- 2.2.6.2 State Level Compensation and Tax Screen
- 2.2.6.3 Multiple State Study
- 2.2.6.2 State Level Compensation and Tax Screen
- 2.2.2 Level of Industrial Aggregation
- 2.3 Open a Previously Constructed Model
- 2.4 Editing a Previously Constructed Model
- 2.2 Constructing a New Model
CHAPTER 4: REGIONAL DATA INPUT SCREEN
- 4.1 Exclusion/Inclusion of an Industry
- 4.2 Data Requirements and Enter
- 4.2.1 Regional Employment
- 4.2.2 Regional Payroll
- 4.2.3 Example
- 4.2.2 Regional Payroll
- 4.3 Default Values
- 4.4 Find, Update and Next Buttons
- 4.4.1 Find Button
- 4.4.2 Update Button
- 4.4.3 Next Button
- 4.4.2 Update Button
- 4.5 Regional Purchase Coefficients
- 4.6 Production Function
- 4.2 Data Requirements and Enter
- 5.1 Cargo Input Screen
- 5.1.1 Cargo Type
- 5.1.2 Units to Date
- 5.1.3 Update
- 5.1.4 Add a Record
- 5.1.5 Additive Units
- 5.1.6 List
- 5.1.7 Delete
- 5.1.2 Units to Date
- 5.2 Impact of Cargo Flows
- 5.2.1 Cargo Flow Movements Internal to Port
- 5.2.1.1 Update
- 5.2.1.2 Reporting Impacts
- 5.2.2 Inland Transportation and Inland Transportation Screen
- 5.2.2.1 Example of Inland Transportation
- 5.2.2.2 Updating
- 5.2.2.3 Reporting Impacts
- 5.2.2.2 Updating
- 5.2.1.1 Update
- 5.1.1 Cargo Type
- 6.1 Port User Screen
- 6.1.1 Selection of Port Users Industry
- 6.1.2 Port Utilization
- 6.1.3 Port User's Sales
- 6.1.3.1 Sales Output Box
- 6.1.3.2 Results Button
- 6.1.3.3 Multiple Port Users
- 6.1.3.2 Results Button
- 6.1.4 Estimating Sales Output
- 6.1.4.1 Estimating Sales Using Employment
- 6.1.4.2 Estimating Sales Using Payrolls
- 6.1.2 Port Utilization
- 6.1.1 Selection of Port Users Industry
CHAPTER 7: CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
- 7.1 Total Construction Screen
- 7.1.1 Add
- 7.1.2 Update
- 7.1.3 Delete
- 7.1.4 List
- 7.1.5 Next
- 7.1.2 Update
- 7.2 Capital Expenditure Impact Screen
- 7.1.1 Add
CHAPTER 8: MULTIPLIERS DISPLAY
CHAPTER 9: PRINTING AND SAVING: FILE COMMANDS
APPENDIX 1: MAJOR SIC INDUSTRY GROUPS
APPENDIX 2: INDIRECT BUSINESS TAX RATES
APPENDIX 4: LIST OF THE KITS ACCESS TABLES
The User’s Guide is a systematic procedural guide. The guide leads a user through the steps that are necessary to have the Port Kit estimate the economic impacts associated with cargo flow activities, port users activities, and capital expenditure activities. In this guide, each screen of the Port Kit is displayed, discussed, and the procedures to activate the implicit subroutine of the Port Kit are explained. The end results of following the guide’s procedures are the summary and itemized reports of the economic impacts.
The user’s guide is divided into nine sections. The topics included in these sections are
- Getting Started
- Data Requirements, Model Selection, and Regionalization Screens
- Main Menu Screen
- Regional Data Input Screens
- Cargo Flows Screens
- Port Users Screens
- Capital Expenditure Screens
- Multipliers Display Screens
- Printing and Saving: File Commands
Throughout the guide, Pulaski County, Arkansas is used for illustration purposes.
The software is designed to run on a PC with a WindowsÒ operating system. The Port Kit runs within Windows, as a window application. The Port Kit was developed using Visual Basic programming language and operates as a stand-alone program; that is, you do not need to have Visual Basic to run the program.
1.1 Setup Program
To install the Rural River Inland Waterways Kit, run the setup program found in the deploy directory on the CD-ROM. The setup program creates a folder in the program files directory called RPPEI Kit and installs all the necessary programs to run the Kit.
Start the installation by placing the CD-ROM in the drive and choosing "RUN" from the program manager pull-down menu. Type the drive letter, colon, and setup to run the setup program, i.e. E:SETUP if "E" is the drive containing the CD-ROM. Alternatively, choose the browse option, and double click on SETUP.EXE after the appropriate drive is chosen.
1.2 Starting the Kit: The RRPEI.exe Application File
The installation program creates a subdirectory called RRPEI Kit and installs the Port Kit’s program files in that directory. Within the directory, there is an executable program and icon called RRPEI. Clicking on this icon activates the Port Kit. Alternatively, after running the setup program, the Kit can run with the programs found on the CD in a folder called MAKEEXE. Open the MAKEEXE folder to find a copy of the RRPEI executable program. Clicking on this program activates the Port Kit.
CHAPTER 2: DATA REQUIREMENTS, MODEL SELECTION, AND REGIONALIZATION
This section of the manual describes the steps necessary to construct a new model and open a previously constructed model. Before beginning an economic impact analysis, there are a number of preparatory steps. These steps include defining the study area, choosing a level of industrial aggregation, and entering the appropriate study area data.
2.1 New Model or Previous Screen
After starting the Port Kit program, a New Model or Previous screen (Figure 2.1.1) appears.
Figure 2.1.1
_files/Image8.gif)
This screen enables the user to select a previously constructed model or start the procedure to construct a new model. Figure 2.1.1 shows the Open a Previously Constructed Model selection, which is discussed in section 2.3.
2.2 Constructing a New Model
By clicking on the Construct a New Model selection button, the option box shown in Figure 2.2.1 is activated.
Figure 2.2.1_files/Image9.gif)
Selections in this option box activate subroutines to define the study area and create the areas input-output model. The two selections in the "Construct a New Model-Options" box are
-
1. The choice to regionalize the national model to match the study area or use the national model.
- 2. The choice of a level of industrial aggregation to use throughout the study.
- 2.2.1 Regional Model or National Model: When users check
the "Check for Regional, Uncheck for National" option box, they are in
fact selecting a subroutine that regionalizes a national Input-Output
(I-O) model to reflect the economy of their study area. If the box is
left unchecked, the Kit defaults to a national I-O model.1
Choosing to regionalize the model activates a data entry subroutine.
In this data entering subroutine, the user enters employment and
earnings data based upon their selected level of industrial
aggregation.
- 2.2.2 Level of Industrial Aggregation: Users must choose a level of industry aggregation by clicking the appropriate selection button. The levels of industrial aggregation correspond to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 1-digit, 2-digit, and 3-digit industries.2 A list of these SIC-industry groups can be found in Appendix I. Careful consideration must be given to the choice of the level of aggregation. There is a trade-off between the availability of the data and the precision in the estimates of the economic impacts. Generally, 1-digit industry data have greater availability, and the Kit requires less data than the 2-digit level of aggregation. Likewise, the 2-digit industry group has greater availability than the 3-digit industry group, and the Kit requires less data entry for a 2-digit industry group than a 3-digit industry group. The disadvantage of using aggregate data is the loss of many of the unique characteristics of a study area’s economic structure and interindustrial relationships. Because of this suppression, the economic impacts derived for aggregated models are less precise than those derived from more detailed industry information. Consequently, users must choose between the availability and detail of data and the precision in the estimation of the impacts.
- 2.2.3 Saving a New Model: Once the regionalization and aggregation choices are made, clicking on the "Go" button takes the user to a dialog box shown in Figure 2.2.3.1. In the "Dialog" box, users name their model and save it to the location of their choice. The file should be saved as an Access database and have an mdb-extension. Once saved the user advances to the Choose a Year screen.
Figure 2.2.3.1_files/Image10.gif)
- 2.2.4 Choose a Year: In the Choose a Year screen (Figure 2.2.4.1), users select a year corresponding to the year of their study. This selection invokes a subroutine to adjust nominal dollar values into 1992 constant dollar values. The Kit contains a database of price indexes constructed from several published price indexes.3 The database contains price indexes for the 1987-1997 period. When a year is selected, a subroutine uses the year's price indexes to adjust the nominal values into 1992 constant dollar amounts. After choosing a year and clicking on the "Next" button, the model proceeds to a Choose a State screen.
Figure 2.2.4.1_files/Image11.gif)
- 2.2.4.1 Missing Year: If users choose to use a year not
included in the price index database, then the users must adjust
their nominal dollar values into 1992 constant dollar equivalents
outside the Kit. Given this conversion, the appropriate year for the
study is 1992, and 1992 should be selected as the study year.
Alternatively, users can adjust nominal values to one of the years
in the Choose a Year screen and then select that year as their study
year. The Kit would then convert the dollar values to the 1992 base
year.
- 2.2.4.2 Multiple Year Study: For a multiple year study, the user must do each year separately.
- 2.2.5 National Default Model and Other National Models: To use a default national model, make sure the "Check for Regional, Uncheck for National" option box is unchecked, choose a level of industry aggregation, and then select 1992 as the study year. The Kit defaults to a 1992 national I-O mode that requires no data entry. To select a national model for another period, select a year, and be prepared to enter the appropriate national data in a Regional Data Input screen. This screen is discussed in the main menu section of the guide.
- 2.2.6 Choose a State: In the Choose a State screen (Figure 2.2.6.1), users choose the state that corresponds to their study area.
Figure 2.2.6.1_files/Image12.gif)
Selecting a state invokes a subroutine to retrieve the appropriate state tax rate. The state’s indirect business tax rate (IBT) appears on the screen after the user’s selection. In Figure 2.2.6.1, Arkansas is the selected state, and it has a 13.14% indirect business tax rate. The Kit’s IBT rate is a state’s ratio of indirect business taxes to employee compensation for 1992. This ratio enables the estimation of indirect business tax revenues.4 Appendix II lists the states contained in the IBT database and the corresponding IBT rates. Clicking the "Next" button takes a user to the Regional Data Input screen where the user is prompted to enter the appropriate data. The Regional Input screen is discussed in the main menu section of this manual. At the completion of the data entry process, the Kit advances to the Main Menu screen.
- 2.2.6.1 Modifying Indirect Business Tax Rates: Click on
the "Click here to modify rates" button in the Choose a State screen
to advance to the State Level: Compensation and Tax screen.
- 2.2.6.2 State Level Compensation and Tax Screen: This screen shown in Figure 2.2.6.2. gives the user several ways of changing the IBT rate:
Figure 2.2.6.2_files/Image13.gif)
- 1. Changing the IBT Rate Directly: By entering amounts
for employee compensation and indirect business tax, the Kit will
compute an indirect business tax rate and use that rate in
estimating the economic impacts on indirect business taxes.
- 2. List: For the inland waterway states, the Kit has a database of indirect business tax rates for 1992. By clicking on the "List" button, users can view these states in the Select a Record screen shown in Figure 2.2.6.3. By clicking on a state and the "OK" button, the record is loaded into the State Level Compensation screen.
Figure 2.2.6.3_files/Image14.gif)
- 3. Adding A State: To add a new state or study area, the indirect tax rate database clicks on the "Add a State" Button. Users enter a name for a study area, amounts for employee compensation, and indirect business taxes. The Kit computes the indirect business tax rate and adds the study area to the database.
- 4. Deleting: A record can be deleted from the indirect business direct tax database by selecting the study area in the State Level Compensation and Taxes screen and then clicking on the "Delete" button. Deletion removes a record from the database permanently and should be done with caution.
- 5. Update: Before ending the IBT modification subroutine, users need to update the database by clicking on the "Update" button. By updating the database, users are creating a new record in the database for the newly added state or region. To verify this addition, the user can view the list of states and regions in the database by clicking on the "List" button.
- 6. Finish: Clicking on the "Finish" button returns the user to the State Level Compensation and Taxes screen.
- 2. List: For the inland waterway states, the Kit has a database of indirect business tax rates for 1992. By clicking on the "List" button, users can view these states in the Select a Record screen shown in Figure 2.2.6.3. By clicking on a state and the "OK" button, the record is loaded into the State Level Compensation screen.
- 2.2.6.3 Multiple State Study: No direct provisions have been made in the Kit for multiple state study areas. The IBT rate is the only rate in the model that is state specific, and since the user can change the IBT rate, multiple state studies are possible. Users can follow the steps required to add a state IBT rate, but in this case, they can enter a multiple state IBT rate. The IBT rate for a multiple state region could be a weighted average of state IBT rates that are included in the multiples state region.
- 2.2.6.2 State Level Compensation and Tax Screen: This screen shown in Figure 2.2.6.2. gives the user several ways of changing the IBT rate:
- 2.2.2 Level of Industrial Aggregation: Users must choose a level of industry aggregation by clicking the appropriate selection button. The levels of industrial aggregation correspond to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 1-digit, 2-digit, and 3-digit industries.2 A list of these SIC-industry groups can be found in Appendix I. Careful consideration must be given to the choice of the level of aggregation. There is a trade-off between the availability of the data and the precision in the estimates of the economic impacts. Generally, 1-digit industry data have greater availability, and the Kit requires less data than the 2-digit level of aggregation. Likewise, the 2-digit industry group has greater availability than the 3-digit industry group, and the Kit requires less data entry for a 2-digit industry group than a 3-digit industry group. The disadvantage of using aggregate data is the loss of many of the unique characteristics of a study area’s economic structure and interindustrial relationships. Because of this suppression, the economic impacts derived for aggregated models are less precise than those derived from more detailed industry information. Consequently, users must choose between the availability and detail of data and the precision in the estimation of the impacts.
2.3 Open a Previously Constructed Model
To retrieve a previously constructed model, click on the "Open Previously Constructed Model" selection as shown in Figure 2.2.1. Clicking on the "Go" button causes a dialog box to appear as in Figure 2.3.1.
Figure 2.3.1_files/Image15.gif)
Click the name of a model and then the "Open" button, to retrieve and open an existing model. These steps are demonstrated in Figure 2.3.1 where a Pulaski County model is opened. Once a model is opened, the user sees a screen (Figure 2.3.2) describing the characteristics of the model.
Figure 2.3.2_files/Image16.gif)
Pulaski County is a regional model, at a 1-digit level of industrial aggregation and is based on 1997 data. Click the "OK" button to advance to the Main Menu screen.
2.4 The Kit’s Database File
Figure 2.3.1 also shows a file entitled backup.mdb. This is a very important file because it contains the various databases used by the Kit. Without this file the Kit will not run. If this file is not present in the current directory, the user is prompted to locate the file. In the event the file cannot be found, there is a copy on the CD-ROM in the MAKEEXE subdirectory. Appendix 3 gives a list of the databases found in this file.
2.5 Editing a Previously Constructed Model
To edit an existing model, select the model and go to the Main Menu screen as shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1_files/Image17.gif)
Click on the "Regional Data Input" button and then the "OK" button brings up the Regional Data Input screen. This screen is the gateway for editing previously entered values.
- Modifying Industry, Employment, and Income Data: The database of regional and national data can now be edited directly in the Regional Input Screen. To add a previously excluded industry to the study area, change the "false" to a "true" in the present column, and then enter the appropriate industry data. If "true" is changed to "false," the industry is excluded from the analysis.
- Modifying the Indirect Business Tax Rate in a State: Click on
the "Back" button and return to the Choose a State screen. (For a
national model, this option is not available.) Click on the "click
here to modify Rates" button and then modify the indirect business tax
rate as was discussed in that section of the manual. To return to the
Main Menu screen, click on the "Next" button to return to the Regional
Data Input screen, and then click the "Next" button again to return to
the Main Menu screen.
- Modifying the Study Year: Click on the "Back" button to return to the Choose a Year screen, and then select a new year. To return to the main menu, click on the series of "Next" buttons as advancing through the screens until the Main Menu screen is reached.
For more detail on these modifications, see the corresponding section in this guide.
1Lawson, Ann. Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 1992. Survey of Current Business, U.S. Department of Coimmerce, Volume 77, November 1977, and Volume 77, December 1997.
2Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1987, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget.
3Producer Price Indexes, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, various years. Agricultural Statistics, 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
4Comprehensive Revision of Gross State Product by Industry, 1977-94. Survey of Current Business, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Vol. 77, Number 6, June 1997.
The Main Menu screen shown in Figure 3.1 has several options leading to different submenus and analysis subroutines. These options include
Figure 3.1- Editing and modifying a study area: By clicking on the "Regional Employment Input" button, users can edit and modify their study area’s database.
- Economic impact analysis: The economic impact analysis of cargo flows, port users, and capital expenditures can be shown by clicking on the appropriate button.
- Multiplier’s Display: A display of a study area’s economic multipliers can be shown by clicking on the "Multipliers Display" button.
CHAPTER 4: REGIONAL DATA INPUT SCREEN
By checking the "Regional Data Input" option as shown in Figure 3.1 and clicking the "OK" button, the user will advance to a Regional Data Input screen like in Figure 4.1. The Regional Data Input screen is where the study area’s data and national data are entered into the model. In addition, specific industries can be selected for inclusion in or exclusion from the analysis.
Figure 4.1_files/Image18.gif)
4.1 Exclusion/Inclusion of an Industry
The SIC code and Industry displayed in the first two fields (columns) and the industry records (rows) are the consequence of the earlier users choice of the level of industrial aggregation. Often a study area’s economy will not have an industry listed in the industry list, or the user will lack the information for a particular industry. In any case, the user may wish to exclude the industry from the study. The user has this option in the field labeled "Present?" Clicking on the industry's record in the "Present?" field, causes a selection button to appear. By clicking on this "Selection" button, the users can indicate whether they want to include an industry (True) or exclude the industry (False) from the analysis. The default value is to exclude the industry, which means the user need not enter data for that industry. To include an industry in the study, the user must change the "False" value to a "True" value and then proceed to enter the appropriate data for the industry.
4.2 Data Requirements and Enter
The impact analysis requires users to enter two types of data when they opt to regionalize. Employment data by industry are needed to regionalize the industrial sectors of the model. Earnings by industry are necessary to regionalize the personal consumption expenditures.
The Kit's data requirements have been designed to match the data available in annual Census Bureau County Business Patterns (CBP) publication.5 The CBP reports national, state, and county level data on the number of establishments, number of employees, payrolls, and the number of establishments by employee-size class by SIC industry. Users are not restricted to CBP and may use alternative data input databases if they wish. Another database that fits nicely into the format of the Kit is the Regional Economic Information System.6 Users are restricted to the industrial aggregation schemes of the Kit.
- 4.2.1 Regional Employment: When the users select an
industry for inclusion in the analysis, they are required to enter
employment data for that industry in the study area. Because of the
regionalization computation, the study area’s employment and the
national employment counterpart must be entered. Employment data for a
multistate or multicounty study area must be aggregated by industry
and then entered. If users opt not to use CBP and instead use another
employment database, the study areas and national employment estimates
should be consistent.
- 4.2.2 Regional Payroll: Users are required to enter payroll data for the industries in their study area and at the national level. Again, both study area and national data are required because of the regionalization of personal consumption expenditures. As with employment, multistate or a multicounty study area income must be aggregated by industry and then entered. If users opt not to use CBP and instead use another income database, there must be consistency between the study areas and national industries.
- 4.2.3 Example: Figure 4.2.3.1 shows a completed Regional Data Input screen for Pulaski county in Arkansas for the 1-digit aggregation level in 1997. All 1-digit industries have been included except government enterprises. If a user wants to include this in the study but has no data, then the default values of the Kit may be used. The Kit’s default values are explained in the next section.
- 4.2.2 Regional Payroll: Users are required to enter payroll data for the industries in their study area and at the national level. Again, both study area and national data are required because of the regionalization of personal consumption expenditures. As with employment, multistate or a multicounty study area income must be aggregated by industry and then entered. If users opt not to use CBP and instead use another income database, there must be consistency between the study areas and national industries.
Figure 4.2.3.1_files/Image19.gif)
4.3 Default Values
The Kit defaults to national values. If a user checks the "Check for regional, Uncheck for National" option and opts not to enter an industry's employment or income levels, the Kit will not regionalize that industry and instead will use a national value. There are several possible ways to use the Kit’s default values.
- 1. 1992 Default Values: When a study area is a region and
an industry is selected to be included in the study, but neither
employment or payroll datum is entered at the national level, the Kit
defaults to the 1992 national value for that industry.
- 2. Default values for a selected year and industry: If the user has national employment and payroll data for selected industries and the year of the study, this data can be entered, and the Kit will use the national values as default values for calculations.
4.4 Find, Update, and Next Buttons
The regional input screen contains the following items to assist with the data enter subroutine.
- 4.4.1: Find Button: Clicking on the "Find" button allows
the user to search the industry list for a particular industry.
- 4.4.2: Update Button: Clicking on the "Update" button saves any changes to the employment and payroll database. Clicking on this button results in overwriting existing data in the database.
- 4.4.3: Next Button: Clicking on the "Next" button has the same effect on the database as clicking on the "Update" button, plus it advances the Kit to the Regional Purchase Coefficient screen.
- 4.4.2: Update Button: Clicking on the "Update" button saves any changes to the employment and payroll database. Clicking on this button results in overwriting existing data in the database.
4.5 Regional Purchase Coefficients
A regional purchase coefficient is an estimate of the amount of an industry output that is purchased within the study area. For a dollar of demand for an industry’s output, the RPC is the value of the industry output supplied by regional firms within the industry. After the employment and income data are entered in the Regional Data Input screen, clicking on the "Update" and "Next" buttons invokes a subroutine that computes the RPC by industry including the households. The results of the calculations are displayed in the Regional Purchase Coefficient screen (Figure 4.5.1).
Figure 4.5.1_files/Image20.gif)
The Kit uses national and study area employment and earnings data to compute RPC for the household sector and industry sectors. The computations of RPCs are discussed in Appendix I of the Analysis Manual. The Kit enables users to modify the estimates of the RPCs. Click on the "next" button to advance to a Production Function screen.
4.6 Production Function
A production function is the description of the technical requirements and relationships between the inputs required to produce a product or output. When a production function is expressed in terms of its technical coefficients, it measures the dollar amounts of various industry inputs needed to produce a dollar of a given industries output. Technical coefficients are computed by the Kit for each industry and can be viewed in the Production Functions screen (Figure 4.6.1).
Figure 4.6.1_files/Image21.gif)
Each industry has a production function that can be accessed by selecting a particular industry from the list on the left. A selected industry’s technical coefficients are shown in the right-hand column. The numeric values are the amounts of interindustry purchases required to produce a dollar of the selected industry output.
5County Business Patterns (CBP), U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
6Regional Economic Information System (REIS), Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Cargo flows in and about a port or terminal can be very complex. Cargoes may be moved many times within a port as they are transferred from terminals to warehouses and other storage facilities, between port users and to locations inside and outside the study area. The Kit breaks the analysis of cargo flows into internal flows or on site flows and external cargo flows or inland flows (offsite flows). To analyze the economic impact of cargo flows, the user chooses the Cargo Flows option in the Main Mmenu screen as shown in Figure 5.1. After the user clicks on the "OK" button, the Kit will advance to the Cargo Input screen.
Figure 5.1_files/Image22.gif)
5.1 Cargo Input Screen
To begin an impact analysis of cargo flows, users must identify the type of cargo, the amount handled, the direct impact per unit of cargo type, and mode of transportation. The Kit computes the direct impact of cargo type by converting the cargo units into cargo revenue earned by shipping and handling the cargo, or equivalently, the dollar cost of handling and shipping the cargo. The Kit is designed to analyze cargo types one at a time, cumulate the economic impact findings, and give a summary report.
A Cargo Input screen is shown in Figure 5.1.1. This screen is divided into three parts. At the bottom of the screen are data control indicating the record number which corresponds to a cargo type. The upper section of the screen is the data entry section where the information about the cargo types is entered and records manipulated. Each cargo type is given a record number that is displayed in the data control section of the screen. The middle section of the Cargo Input screen contains option boxes to indicate whether a particular cargo is transported inland or transported internally within the port.
Figure 5.1.1_files/Image23.gif)
- 5.1.1. Cargo Type: Users must name a cargo type. This will
create a record for the particular cargo in the cargo database. The
cargo type record numbers are displayed in the data control box.
Clicking on the arrows in the data control box cycles through the
cargo types records.
- 5.1.2 Units to Date: For the time period under consideration and particular cargo type, users must enter the amount of the cargo that has been handled and shipped. For example, the cargo type to be analyzed could be the annual amount of aggregates shipped though the Port. The Kit is indifferent to the weight of the units, so tonnage can be in long tons, short tons, or metric tons, etc. Instead of tons, an alternative approach is to count units such as railcars, containers, truckloads, or barges moved by the port industries. The Kit is capable of carrying out the analysis in terms of the number of containers moved, or railcars moved, for example.
- 5.1.3 Update: Once the cargo type and units to date are entered, click on the "Update" button to create and save a record for the cargo. An example is shown in Figure 5.1.2. In this example, the first record refers to 15 jumbo hopper railcars.
Figure 5.1.2_files/Image24.gif)
- 5.1.4 Add a Record: Clicking on the "Add a Record" button enables the user to enter a new cargo type and add a new cargo to the analysis as shown in Figure 5.1.3. In this case, a second record has been created for dry bulk cargoes.
Figure 5.1.3_files/Image25.gif)
- 5.1.5 Additive Units: The purpose of the "Additive Check" box is to sum the cargo types when they are measured in similar units. Checking this box causes the amounts in the "Units to Date" box to be summed across the cargo type records, and the total displayed in a Total Units display as shown in Figure 5.1.3. This example shows that there are two records, with the second record being 2,500 tons of dry bulk cargo. The combined tonnage to the two cargo types is 3,500 tons implying that the first record or cargo type must be 1,000 tons.
- 5.1.6 List: To list the cargo in the cargo database, click on the "List" button. The cargo in this list has been entered by the user and is incorporated into the impact analysis.
- 5.1.7 Delete: To delete a cargo from the cargo database and from impact analysis, select the record (cargo type) to be deleted from the cargo list and click on the delete button. This removes the cargo record from the database.
- 5.1.2 Units to Date: For the time period under consideration and particular cargo type, users must enter the amount of the cargo that has been handled and shipped. For example, the cargo type to be analyzed could be the annual amount of aggregates shipped though the Port. The Kit is indifferent to the weight of the units, so tonnage can be in long tons, short tons, or metric tons, etc. Instead of tons, an alternative approach is to count units such as railcars, containers, truckloads, or barges moved by the port industries. The Kit is capable of carrying out the analysis in terms of the number of containers moved, or railcars moved, for example.
5.2 Impact of Cargo Flows
Once the cargo type information is entered and updated, the user is ready to begin an impact analysis. The Kit separates cargo flows into movements internal to the port and movements via inland transportation. The appropriate cargo flows transportation scenario is selected by checking an option box, and then clicking the "Next" button to access the cargo flow’s impact analysis subroutines.
- 5.2.1 Cargo Flow Movements Internal to Port: A screen to
analyze cargo movement internal to a port is shown in Figure 5.2.1.1.
For transporting cargo internal to port, users enter the percentage
breakdown by transportation mode. That is the percentage of each cargo
type moved by rail, truck, or barge. When the Kit allocates the cargo
units to the different transportation modes, it uses these
percentages. For each mode, the revenue earned per unit of cargo moved
or the cost of moving a unit of cargo must be entered in the
appropriate box in the "Dollar per Unit by mode" column. The Kit uses
the percent by transportation mode, the dollars per unit by mode, and
the number of units moved to estimate the direct impact of the cargo
flows by mode.
Figure 5.2.1.1
_files/Image26.gif)
- 5.2.1.1 Update: Once the percentages by cargo mode and
dollars per unit by mode are entered, click on the "Update" button.
The Kit will then compute value of the direct impacts by each mode
as:
Direct impact by mode = (Dollar per unit by mode) x (Units) x (Percent of cargo by Mode)
The results of these computations are then displayed in the two sets of output boxes as demonstrated in Figure 5.2.1.2.
Figure 5.2.1.2_files/Image27.gif)
For each record and by mode, the direct impacts are shown in the "Results for this record" box. The grand totals for all the cargo types are shown in the "Grand Total of all Record Information" box. Figure 5.2.1.2 gives an example where cargoes transported in jumbo hopper railcars have a direct impact of $100 per unit, or for the 15 railcars a total of $1,500. Since this is the only record, the grand total of all records is also $1,500.
Figure 5.2.1.3 shows another example where two transportation modes are used to move 1,000 tons of aggregates. In this example, the barge mode and the truck mode each move 50% of the 1,000 tons with a dollar per unit cost of $0.097 and $0.535 per ton, respectively. The estimated direct impacts are shown in the "Results for this record" box and the "Grand Total of all records." box. Clicking on the "Update" button also activates two option buttons labeled "Impacts" and "Impacts by Cargo." The subroutines to estimate the indirect and induced impacts are activated by clicking on either button.
Figure 5.2.1.3_files/Image28.gif)
- 5.2.1.2 Reporting Impacts: The user has two options for viewing the results of the impact analysis activated by clicking on either the "Impacts" of "Impacts by Cargo." The format of the reports includes a summary report of the grand totals and an itemized summary.
- 5.2.1.2.1 Summary Report: To access a summary report of the grand totals for internal cargo flows, click on the "Impacts" button to view an Impact screen similar to the one shown in Figure 5.2.1.4. This screen shows the direct, indirect, induced, and total impacts associated with the movement of the 15 jumbo hopper railcars within the port area on the study areas output, employment level, employee compensation, and indirect business taxes.
Figure 5.2.1.4_files/Image29.gif)
- 5.2.1.2.2 Itemized Reports: To access an itemized report, click the "Impacts by Cargo" button to view a screen similar to the one in Figure 5.2.1.5. This screen identifies two cargo types associated with internal port movement. At the botton of the screen are four display options. Selecting one of these options will result in the corresponding display of the cargo flow impacts on the output, employment, personal income, or indirect business taxes. The default screen is the cargo flow’s impact on output. The screen also has an option to preview and print an itemized summary report.
- 5.2.1.2 Reporting Impacts: The user has two options for viewing the results of the impact analysis activated by clicking on either the "Impacts" of "Impacts by Cargo." The format of the reports includes a summary report of the grand totals and an itemized summary.
Figure 5.2.1.5_files/Image30.gif)
- 5.2.2 Inland Transportation and Inland Transportation Screen: Transporting cargo inland generates economic impacts in the study area. The starting point for the analysis of the economic impact of inland transportation is the Cargo Input screen (Figure 5.1.1) after the user has entered the information about cargo types and units to date is discussed in section 5.1. In the Cargo Input screen, select the option "movement via inland transportation" and click the "next" button to reach the Inland Transportation screen. This screen is shown in Figure 5.2.2.1.
Figure 5.2.2.1_files/Image31.gif)
- Users must select the appropriate record by clicking on the record buttons to identify a cargo type shipped inland. Once a cargo type is identified for inland transportation, users enter the percent of cargo flows by mode (% Cargo Flows), the percentage of the expenditures that occur within the study area (% Study Area), the rate per unit (Rates), and the average miles hauled by mode. After completing this data entry task, users can advance to a new cargo type (record) and continue to enter data, or users can click on the next button to advance to the Impact screen.
- 5.2.2.1 Example of Inland Transportation: Figure 5.2.2.2
is an example of the inland transportation of 1,500 tons general
cargo (record 3) transported by truck and rail. In this example, 50%
of the general cargoes are transported by rail of which 10% goes
locally and 40% is for long-haul. The rate per ton mile for both
local and long-haul rail is $.0253 (displayed as 3 cents). For
long-haul rail, 10% of the revenues or expenditures are realized
within the study area. The average haul is 250 miles. All revenue
from local rail are realized within the study area. The average haul
is 50 miles. Long-haul trucking accounts for 50% of the transported
general cargoes, 25% of the revenue is realized locally, and the
general cargo on average is hauled 100 miles at a per ton mile cost
of 5.35 cents (displayed as $.05).
Figure 5.2.2.2
_files/Image32.gif)
- 5.2.2.2 Updating: After completing the task of entering the inland transportation data requirements, clicking on the update button will cause the Kit to compute the direct impacts of the cargoes transported inland and activate the report options. For any given mode, the direct impact of inland transportation is computed as
Direct impact of inland cargo by type and mode =
(Dollars per unit mile) x (Units) x (Average Miles) x (% of Cargo Flows) x (% Spent in Study Area)For clarification, when the units are in terms of containers or railcars, the Dollars per Unit Mile is the cost of moving the unit one mile. When the units are in tonnage, the Dollars per Unit Mile are the cost to move a ton of cargo one mile.
- 5.2.2.3 Reporting Impacts: Clicking on the "Update" button also activates two report buttons for general and itemized impacts. For a discussion of these report screens see section 5.2.1.2.
- 5.2.2.2 Updating: After completing the task of entering the inland transportation data requirements, clicking on the update button will cause the Kit to compute the direct impacts of the cargoes transported inland and activate the report options. For any given mode, the direct impact of inland transportation is computed as
- 5.2.1.1 Update: Once the percentages by cargo mode and
dollars per unit by mode are entered, click on the "Update" button.
The Kit will then compute value of the direct impacts by each mode
as:
Port users are industries that are dependent on a port for shipping products and receiving inputs. The dependence on a port varies amoung port users. Some port users may be completely dependent on a port for their existence. Other industries gain economic advantages from using a port facility instead of some other alternative.
The port user’s section of the Port Kit estimates port users total impact on the study area’s economy. Users are required to enter data concerning the level of economic activity of a port user and the extent the industries utilize a port. Since data concerning port users’ activities are likely limited, the Port Kit has several options to measure a port user’s direct level of economic activity. Among these options are sales, employment, and payroll. Once the direct economic impact of a port user is determined, the Port Kit computes the indirect and induced economic impacts. To begin an analysis of a port user’s economic impact, click on the "Port Users" button in the main menu screen as shown in Figure 6.1, and then click the OK bar to advance to the Port Users screen.
Figure 6.1_files/Image33.gif)
6.1 Port Users Screen
The Port Users screen is shown in Figure 6.1.1. This screen has two parts. The upper section is designed to select an industry and enter the direct impacts. The lower section of the screen shows the computed economic impact in 1992 constant dollars.
Figure 6.1.1_files/Image34.gif)
- 6.1.1 Selection of Port Users Industry: The earlier
selection of a level of aggregation determines the list of port user
industries. This list can be viewed in two ways:
- 1. List Button: Clicking on the "List" button will cause
a Select a Record screen to appear (Figure 6.1.1.1). The records in
the screen are the industries selected in the aggregation choice.
Clicking on an industry and on the "OK" button will cause the
industry (record) to be displayed on the display lines in the Port
Users screen.
- 2. Record Arrow: Clicking on the record arrow cycles though the industry list.
- 3. Clear button: The economic impacts of port users are cumulated in the results section of the Port Users screen. That is, as the different port users’ data are entered into the Kit, the cumulative impacts will be shown in the results section of the screen when the "Results" button is clicked. To analyze the economic impact of each industry separately, click the "Clear" button to remove previous findings from the display boxes.
- 2. Record Arrow: Clicking on the record arrow cycles though the industry list.
- 6.1.2 Port Utilization: The direct economic impacts of port users on the business activities in a study area are only those business activities dependent on the presence of the port. Only business activities associated with the movement of goods and resources through a port count in assessing the direct economic impact of a port user. The value of port user activities that is related to a port are a proportion of the port users total activities. This fraction is called the port utilization rate and its value can vary between zero and 100%. A port utilization rate of zero indicates an industry is not a port user; a value of 100% means the port user is totally reliant on a port for all its business activities. A port utilization rate (0-100) must be determined and entered for each port users industry. This number is entered in the "Port Utilization" box. In most cases, the value of the port utilization percent will be a judgment call. A starting point for this judgment call is to consider the amount of activity a port user would have in the absences of the port. The percentage of loss in the industry’s activities would be an estimate of the industry’s port utilization rate.
- 6.1.3 Port Users Sales: The Port Kit uses the sales revenue or sales output of port users’ industries to gauge their level of economic activity. To estimate the direct impact of a port users dependence on a port, the sales output of the port user is multiplied by the port utilization rate.
Direct Impact of a Port User Industry = (Sales Output) x (Port Utilization Rate)The direct impact is then applied to the study areas input-output multipliers to derive the estimates of the indirect and induced impacts.
- 6.1.3.1. Sales Output Box: To begin an impact analysis of
a port user, the port users level of sales must be entered in the
"Sales Output" Box.
- 6.1.3.2. Results Button: After entering a port utilization rate and sales output for a port user, clicking on the "Results" button activates the economic impact analysis. The results are printed on the lower portion of the port user screen.
- 6.1.3.3. Multiple Port Users: To analyze more than one port user, select another port user industry by clicking on the "List" button or clicking on the "Record" button. This will cause a new port user industry to be displayed in the display lines. To begin an economic impact analysis of a new port user industry, enter a port utilization rate for the industry and the industry sales output. Clicking on the "Results" button activates the economic impact analysis and the impact results are added to the other port users impacts in the lower portion of the screen. When there is more than one port user being analyzed, the results that are shown in the lower portion of the "Port users" screen are the cumulative results from all industries that have had economic impacts estimated. To delete the previous results, click on the "Clear" button.
- 6.1.3.2. Results Button: After entering a port utilization rate and sales output for a port user, clicking on the "Results" button activates the economic impact analysis. The results are printed on the lower portion of the port user screen.
- 6.1.4 Estimating Sales Output: A data series containing sales data for port users may prove to be elusive. The Kit provides two optional methods to estimate sales. The Kit contains two national databases, employment-to-output ratio, and a personal-income-to-output ratio. If users are willing to assume that these national ratios approximate the corresponding study area’s ratios, then local port users sales can be estimated using the national ratios. Kit users have the option to estimate sales output by industry by entering either employment data or payroll data for the port user industry. To choose a sales estimating technique, click on the "Estimate" button to advance to the estimation subroutines and the Sales Output Estimation screen (Figure 6.1.4.1).
Figure 6.1.4.1_files/Image35.gif)
- 6.1.4.1: Estimating Sales Using Employment: Click on the
"Enter Employment" option, and then enter the employment level for
the industry. Clicking on the "Click for Result" button will
activate a subroutine that estimates sales output for the industry
and returns the Kit to the Port Users screen where the impact
analysis can proceed.
- 6.1.4.2: Estimating Sales Using Payrolls: Click on the "Enter Payroll" option, and then enter the amount of payroll for the industry. Clicking on the "Click for Result" button will activate a subroutine that estimates sale output for the industry and returns the Kit to the Port Users screen.
- 1. List Button: Clicking on the "List" button will cause
a Select a Record screen to appear (Figure 6.1.1.1). The records in
the screen are the industries selected in the aggregation choice.
Clicking on an industry and on the "OK" button will cause the
industry (record) to be displayed on the display lines in the Port
Users screen.
CHAPTER 7: CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
Port capital expenditures have economic impacts. Port capital expenditures include new port construction, enlargement, improvements, and rehabilitation of port facilities. To begin the impact analysis of a capital expenditure, click on the "Capital Expenditures" button in the main menu (Figure 7.1), and then click the "OK" button to advance to the Total Construction screen.
Figure 7.1_files/Image36.gif)
7.1 Total Construction Cost Screen
The Construction screen is shown in Figure 7.1.1. The Kit requires the users to name a project in the "Project Input" box. This creates a record number that is identified in the record line. The total expenditures for the construction project is entered next in the "Expenditure Amount" box.
Figure 7.1.1_files/Image37.gif)
Once the amount of expenditures spent on the construction project is entered, the percentage of the construction expenditures spent locally must be entered into the "Percent Spent Locally" Input box. This percentage should reflect the local content of the construction project materials and labor.
- 7.1.1 Add: By clicking on the "Add" button, a new
construction project can be created and added to the capital
expenditures database. Note that this also creates a new record
number for the new project.
- 7.1.2 Update: Clicking on the "Update" button will calculate the expenditure that have been made locally and convert them to 1992 dollars.
- 7.1.3 Delete: Clicking on the "Delete" button deletes the current record.
- 7.1.4 List: Clicking on the "List" button displays a list of all projects.
- 7.1.5 Next: Clicking on the "Next" button advances the Kit to the Capital Expenditure screen.
- 7.1.2 Update: Clicking on the "Update" button will calculate the expenditure that have been made locally and convert them to 1992 dollars.
7.2 Capital Expenditure Screen
The Capital Expenditure screen is shown in Figure 7.2.1. The construction amount is the amount of local construction expenditures for the project in 1992 dollars. That is, the construction amount is the sum of total local expenditures converted into 1992 dollars. This amount is the estimate of the direct impact of construction expenditures. Clicking on the "Results" button results in the calculations of the indirect and induced economic impacts. The results of such a calculation are shown in Figure 7.2.2.
Figure 7.2.1_files/Image38.gif)
Figure 7.2.2 shows the total economic impact of the $1,000,000 new building. Again this includes the indirect and induced impacts on the study area’s output, employment, employee compensation, and indirect business taxes. To print or save a copy of the results, click on the "File" drop-down menu to access these options. To analyze a new construction project, click on the "Back" button to return to the Total Construction Cost screen.
Figure 7.2.2_files/Image39.gif)
CHAPTER 8: MULTIPLIERS DISPLAY
The economic impact multipliers for the study area that have been calculated by the Kit are available for display. From the Main Menu, (Figure 8.1) click on the "Multipliers Display" button and the "OK" button.
Figure 8.1_files/Image40.gif)
A Multipliers screen will appear like the one shown in Figure 8.2. The Multipliers screen shows the direct, indirect, and induced multipliers by industry for output, employment, personal income, and indirect business taxes. Different industries’ multipliers can be displayed by either clicking on a record arrow or selecting an industry from the industry list after it is displayed by either clicking on a record arrow or selecting an industry from the industry list after clicking on the industry list button. The commands drop-down menu also gives several ways to retrieve industry multipliers.
Figure 8.2_files/Image41.gif)
Clicking on the "Multipliers Screen Command" button results in several options. Users can save the database, list the industries, or search for a particular industry’s multipliers based on an industry code.
CHAPTER 9: PRINTING AND SAVING: FILE COMMANDS
Clicking on the File command in the menu bar causes a drop-down menu to appear. The menu gives the user options:
-
1. Save a copy of the database.
2. Save a text file of the Impact Results.
3. Print the results of the Impact Study.
Executive Office of the President, Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987
Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, Washington DC. 1987
U.S. Department of Commerce, Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 1992. Survey of Current Business, November 1997, Volume 77, Number 11, pp. 36-82.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 1992. Survey of Current Business, December 1997, Volume 77, Number 12, pp. 22-47.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Annual Revision of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts. Survey of Current Business, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1992.
U.S. Department of Commerce, County Business Patterns. Economics and Statistical Administration, Bureau of the Census.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Regional Economic Information System (REIS), CD-ROM. Bureau of Economic Analysis. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Statistics. United States Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Labor, Producers Price Index Detailed Report. Bureau of Labor Statistics various years.
APPENDIX I: MAJOR SIC INDUSTRY GROUPS
One Digit Industry Groups
The accompanying table lists the major industries included in the one digit level of aggregation. The industrial code is based upon the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) and is shown in the column labeled SIC.7 The Kit bridges the SIC codes to the Input-Output (I-O) industry classification system used by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).8 The I-O industry classification is given in the industry code column. In most cases, there is a direct link between the two classification systems, but not always. This proved to be particularly true at the one digit level of aggregation. Hence, several of the industries were excluded from their SIC industry so that the Port Kit could map them to the appropriate I-O industry. This is the reason for excluding eating and drinking places and veterinary services from the SIC classification and mapping them into separate the I-O industries. The water transportation industry is separated from the transportation public utilities industry group to allow the explicit recognition of this industry in the economic impact analysis.
One Digit Level of Aggregation
id
IndustryCode
SIC
Industry
1
A
A, excluding 074
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
2
B
B
Mining
3
C
C
Construction
4
D
D
Manufacturing
5
E
E, excluding 44
Transportation (less Water Transportation, plus Rail), Communications, Public Utilities
6
F
F
Wholesale Trade
7
G
G, excluding 58
Retail Trade (except Eating and Drinking places)
8
H
H
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate
9
I
I
Services
10
74
58
Eating and Drinking Places
11
I
074
Veterinary services
13
65C
44
Water Transportation
15
J
J
Government Enterprises
Two Digit Level of Industry Aggregation
The following table shows the industries at the 2-digit level of industry aggregation. The second column shows the I-O industry codes, and the third column shows corresponding SIC industries.
Two Digit Level of Industry
id
IndustryCode
SIC
Industry
1
01+03+04
02
Agricultural Production - Livestock
2
01+03+04
07, excluding 074
Agricultural Services
3
01+03+04
08
Forestry
4
01+03+04
09
Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping
5
02
01
Agricultural Production - Crops
6
05+06
10
Metal Mining
7
07
12
Coal Mining
8
08
13
Oil and Gas Extraction
9
09+10
14
Nonmetallic Minerals, Except Fuels
10
13+37+38+39+40+41+42+59A+59B+60+61
33
Primary Metal Industries
11
13+37+38+39+40+41+42+59A+59B+60+61
34
Fabricated Metal Products
12
13+37+38+39+40+41+42+59A+59B+60+61
37
Transportation Equipment
13
14
20
Food and Kindred Products
14
15
21
Tobacco Products
15
16+17+18+19
22
Textile Mill Products
16
16+17+18+19
23
Apparel and Other Textile Products
17
20+21
24
Lumber and Wood Products
18
22+23
25
Furniture and Fixtures
19
24+25
26
Paper and Allied Products
20
26A+26B
27
Printing and Publishing
21
27A+27B+28+29A+29B+30
28
Chemicals and Allied Products
22
31
29
Petroleum and Coal Products
23
32
30
Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products
24
33+34
31
Leather and Leather Products
25
35+36
32
Stone, Clay, and Glass Products
26
43+(44+45)+46+47+48+49+50+51+52
35
Industrial Machinery and Equipment
27
53+54+55+56+57+58
36
Electronic and Other Electric Equipment
28
62+63
38
Instruments and Related Products
29
64
39
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
30
65A+65E
40
Railroad Transportation
31
65A+65E
41
Local and Interurban Passenger Transit
32
65A+65E
46
Pipelines, Except Natural Gas
33
65A+65E
47
Transportation Services
34
65B
42
Trucking and Warehousing
35
65D
45
Transportation by Air
36
66+67
48
Communications
37
68A+68B+68C
49
Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services
38
70A
60
Depository Institutions
39
70A
61
Nondepository Institutions
40
70A
62
Security and Commodity Brokers
41
70A
67
Holding and Other Investment Offices
42
70B
63
Insurance Carriers
43
70B
64
Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Service
44
71B
65
Real Estate
45
72A
70
Hotels and Other Lodging Places
47
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
72
Personal Services
48
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
73
Business Services
49
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
76
Miscellaneous Repair Services
50
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
81
Legal Services
51
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
82
Educational Services
52
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
83
Social Services
53
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
84
Museums, Botanical, Zoological Gardens
54
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
86
Membership Organizations
55
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
87
Engineering and Management Services
56
72B+73A+73B+73C+73D+77B
89
Services, NEC
57
74
58
Eating and Drinking Places
58
75
75
Auto Repair, Services, and Parking
59
76
78
Motion Pictures
60
76
79
Amusement and Recreation Services
61
77A
074
Veterinary Services
62
77A
80
Health Services
63
65C
44
Water Transportation
65
C
C
Construction
66
F
F
Wholesale Trade
67
G
G, excluding 58
Retail Trade
68
J
J
Government Enterprises
Three digit level of Industry Aggregation
The following table shows the industries at the 3-digit level of industry aggregation. The second column shows the I-O industry codes, and the third column shows the SIC counterparts.
Three Digit Level of Aggregation
id
IndustryCode
SIC
Industry
1
01+04
021
Livestock, Except Dairy and Poultry
2
01+04
024
Dairy farms
3
01+04
025
Poultry and Eggs
4
01+04
027
Animal Specialties
5
01+04
029
General Farms, Primarily Animal
6
01+04
071
Soil Preparation
7
01+04
072
Crop Preparation
8
01+04
075
Animal Services, Except Veterinary
9
01+04
076
Farm Labor and Management Services
10
01+04
078
Landscape and Horticultural Services
11
01+04
085
Forest Services
12
01+04
092
Fish Hatcheries and Preserves
13
02
011
Cash Grains
14
02
013
Field Crops, Except Cash Grains
15
02
016
Vegetables and Melons
16
02
017
Fruits and Tree Nuts
17
02
018
Horticultural specialties
18
02
019
General Farms, primarily crop
19
03
081
Timber Tracts
20
03
083
Forest Products
21
03
091
Commercial Fishing
22
03
097
Hunting, Trapping, and Game Propagation
23
05+06
101
Iron Ores
24
05+06
102
Copper Ores
25
05+06
103
Lead and Zinc Ores
26
05+06
104
Gold and Silver Ores
27
05+06
106
Ferroalloy Ores, except Vanadium
28
05+06
108
Metal Mining Services
29
05+06
109
Miscellaneous Metal Ores
30
07
122
Bituminous Coal and Lignite
31
07
123
Anthracite
32
07
124
Coal Mining Services
33
08
131
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas
34
08
132
Natural Gas Liquids
35
08
138
Oil Field Services
36
09+10
141
Dimension Stone
37
09+10
142
Crushed and Broken Stone
38
09+10
144
Sand and Gravel
39
09+10
145
Clay, Ceramic, and Refactory Minerals
40
09+10
147
Chemical Fertilizers Minerals
41
09+10
148
Nonmetallic Minerals Services
42
09+10
149
Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Metals
43
13+59A+59B+60+61
348
Ordnance and Accessories, NEC
44
13+59A+59B+60+61
371
Motor Vehicles and Equipment
45
13+59A+59B+60+61
372
Aircraft and Parts
46
13+59A+59B+60+61
373
Ship and Boat Building and Repairing
47
13+59A+59B+60+61
374
Railroad Equipment
48
13+59A+59B+60+61
375
Motorcycles, Bicycles, and Parts
49
13+59A+59B+60+61
376
Guided Missiles, Space Vehicles, Parts
50
13+59A+59B+60+61
379
Miscellaneous Transportation Equipment
51
14
201
Meat Products
52
14
202
Dairy Products
53
14
203
Preserved Fruits and Vegetables
54
14
204
Grain Mill Products
55
14
205
Bakery Products
56
14
206
Sugar and Confectionery Products
57
14
207
Fats and Oils
58
14
208
Beverages
59
14
209
Misc. Food and Kindred Products
60
15
211
Cigarettes
61
15
212
Cigars
62
15
213
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
63
15
214
Tobacco stemming and redrying
64
16
221
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Cotton
65
16
222
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Manmade
66
16
223
Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Wool
67
16
224
Narrow Fabric Mills
68
16
226
Textile Finishing, Except Wool
69
16
228
Yarn and Thread Mills
70
17
227
Carpets and Rugs
71
17
229
Miscellaneous Textile Goods
72
18
225
Knitting Mills
73
18
231
Men's and Boy's Suits and Coats
74
18
232
Men's and Boy's Furnishing
75
18
233
Women's and Misses Outerwear
76
18
234
Women's and Children's Undergarments
77
18
235
Hats, Caps, and Millinery
78
18
236
Girl's and Children's Outerwear
79
18
237
Fur Goods
80
18
238
Miscellaneous Apparel and Accessories
81
19
239
Misc. Fabricated Textile Products
82
20+21
241
Logging
83
20+21
242
Sawmills and Planing Mills
84
20+21
243
Millwork, Plywood & Structural Members
85
20+21
244
Wood Containers
86
20+21
245
Wood Buildings and Mobile Homes
87
20+21
249
Miscellaneous Wood Products
88
22+23
251
Household Furniture
89
22+23
252
Office Furniture
90
22+23
253
Public Building and Related Furniture
91
22+23
254
Partitions and Fixtures
92
22+23
259
Miscellaneous Furniture and Fixtures
93
24
261
Pulp Mills
94
24
262
Paper Mills
95
24
263
Paperboard Mills
96
24
267
Misc. Converted Paper Products
97
25
265
Paperboard Containers and Boxes
98
26A
271
Newspapers
99
26A
272
Periodicals
100
26B
273
Books
101
26B
274
Miscellaneous Publishing
102
26B
275
Commercial Printing
103
26B
276
Manifold Business Forms
104
26B
277
Greeting Cards
105
26B
278
Blankbooks and Bookbinding
106
26B
279
Printing Trade Services
107
27A
281
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals
108
27A
286
Industrial Organic Chemicals
109
27A
289
Miscellaneous Chemical Products
110
27B
287
Agricultural Chemicals
111
28
282
Plastics Materials and Synthetics
112
29A
283
Drugs
113
29B
284
Soap, Cleaners, and Toilet Goods
114
30
285
Paints and Allied Products
115
31
291
Petroleum Refining
116
31
295
Asphalt Paving and Roofing Materials
117
31
299
Misc. Petroleum and Coal Products
118
32
301
Tires and Inner Tubes
119
32
302
Rubber and Plastics Footwear
120
32
305
Hose & Belting & Gaskets & Packing
121
32
306
Fabricated Rubber Products, NEC.
122
32
308
Miscellaneous Plastics Products, NEC.
123
33+34
311
Leather Tanning and Finishing
124
33+34
313
Boot and Shoe Cut Stock and Findings
125
33+34
314
Footwear, Except Rubber
126
33+34
315
Leather Gloves and Mittens
127
33+34
316
Luggage
128
33+34
317
Handbags and Personal Leather Goods
129
33+34
319
Leather Goods, NEC.
130
35
321
Flat Glass
131
35
322
Glass and Glassware, Pressed or Blown
132
35
323
Glass and Glass Products, except containers
133
36
324
Cement, Hydraulic
134
36
325
Structural Clay Products
135
36
326
Pottery and Related Products
136
36
327
Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Products
137
36
328
Cut Stone and Stone Products
138
36
329
Misc. Nonmetallic Mineral Products
139
37+38+41
331
Blast Furnace and Basic Steel Products
140
37+38+41
332
Iron and Steel foundries
141
37+38+41
333
Primary Nonferrous Metals
142
37+38+41
334
Secondary Nonferrous metals
143
37+38+41
335
Nonferrous Rolling and Drawing
144
37+38+41
336
Nonferrous Foundries (Castings)
145
37+38+41
339
Miscellaneous Primary Metal Products
146
37+38+41
345
Screw Machine Products, Bolts, Etc.
147
37+38+41
346
Metal Forgings and Stampings
148
39
341
Metal Cans and Shipping Containers
149
40
343
Plumbing and Heating, Except Electric
150
40
344
Fabricated Structural Metal Products
151
42
342
Cutlery, Handtools, and Hardware
152
42
347
Metal Services, NEC
153
42
349
Misc. Fabricated Metal Products
154
43
351
Engines and Turbines
155
(44+45)+46
352
Farm and Garden Machinery
156
(44+45)+46
353
Construction and Related Machinery
157
47
354
Metalworking Machinery
158
48
355
Special Industry Machinery
159
49
356
General Industrial Machinery
160
50
359
Industrial Machinery, NEC
161
51
357
Computer and Office Equipment
162
52
358
Refrigeration and Service Machinery
163
53
361
Electric Distribution Equipment
164
53
362
Electrical Industrial Apparatus
165
54
363
Household Appliances
166
55
364
Electric Lighting and Wiring Equipment
167
56
365
Household Audio and Video Equipment
168
56
366
Communications Equipment
169
57
367
Electronic Components and Accessories
170
58
369
Misc. Electrical Equipment & Supplies
171
62
381
Search and Navigation Equipment
172
62
382
Measuring and Controlling Devices
173
62
384
Medical Instruments and Supplies
174
62
387
Watches, Clocks, Watchcases, and Parts
175
63
385
Ophthalmic Goods
176
63
386
Photographic Equipment and Supplies
177
64
391
Jewelry, Silverware, and Plated Ware
178
64
393
Musical Instruments
179
64
394
Toys and Sporting Goods
180
64
395
Pens, Pencils, Office, & Art Supplies
181
64
396
Costume Jewelry and Notions
182
64
399
Miscellaneous Manufactures
183
65A
401
Railroads
184
65A
411
Local and Suburban Transportation
185
65A
412
Taxicabs
186
65A
413
Intercity and Rural Bus Transportation
187
65A
414
Bus Charter Service
188
65A
415
School Buses
189
65A
417
Bus Terminal and Service Facilities
190
65A
474
Rental of Railroad Cars
191
65B
421
Trucking and Courier Services, ex. Air
192
65B
422
Public Warehousing and Storage
193
65B
423
Trucking Terminal Facilities
194
65D
451
Air Transportation, Scheduled
195
65D
452
Air Transportation, Nonscheduled
196
65D
458
Airports, Flying Fields, & Services
197
65E
461
Pipelines, Except Natural Gas
198
65E
472
Passenger Transportation Arrangement
199
65E
473
Freight Transportation Arrangement
200
65E
478
Miscellaneous Transportation Services
201
66
481
Telephone Communications
202
66
482
Telegraph and Other Communications
203
66
484
Cable and Other Pay TV Services
204
66
489
Communications Services, NEC
205
67
483
Radio and TV Broadcasting
206
68A+68B
491
Electric Services
207
68A+68B
492
Gas Production and Distribution
208
68A+68B
493
Electric and Other services Combined
209
68C
494
Water Supply
210
68C
495
Sanitary Services
211
68C
496
Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply
212
68C
497
Irrigation Systems
213
70A
601
Central Reserve Depositories
214
70A
602
Commercial Banks
215
70A
603
Savings Institutions
216
70A
606
Credit Unions
217
70A
608
Foreign Bank and Branches/Agencies
218
70A
609
Functions Closely Related to Banking
219
70A
611
Federal & Fed.-Sponsored Credit
220
70A
614
Personal Credit Institutions
221
70A
615
Business Credit Institutions
222
70A
616
Mortgage Bankers and Brokers
223
70A
621
Security Brokers and Dealers
224
70A
622
Commodity Contracts Brokers, Dealers
225
70A
623
Security and Commodity Exchanges
226
70A
628
Security and Commodity Services
227
70A
671
Holding offices
228
70A
672
Investment offices
229
70A
673
Trusts
230
70A
679
Miscellaneous investing
231
70B
631
Life Insurance
232
70B
632
Medical Service and Health Insurance
233
70B
633
Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance
234
70B
635
Surety Insurance
235
70B
636
Title Insurance
236
70B
637
Pension, Health, and Welfare Funds
237
70B
639
Insurance Carriers, NEC
238
70B
641
Insurance Agents, Brokers, & Service
239
71B
651
Real Estate Operators and Lessors
240
71B
653
Real Estate Agents and Managers
241
71B
654
Title Abstract Offices
242
71B
655
Subdividers and Developers
243
72A
701
Hotels and Motels
244
72A
702
Rooming and Boarding Houses
245
72A
703
Camps and Recreational Vehicle Parks
246
72A
704
Membership-Basis Organization Hotels
247
72B
721
Laundry, Cleaning, and Garment Services
248
72B
722
Photographic Studios, Portrait
249
72B
723
Beauty Shops
250
72B
724
Barber Shops
251
72B
725
Shoe Repair and Shoeshine Parlors
252
72B
726
Funeral Service and Crematories
253
72B
729
Miscellaneous Personal Services
254
72B
762
Electrical Repair Shops
255
72B
763
Watch, Clock, and Jewelry Repair
256
72B
764
Re-upholstery and Furniture Repair
257
73A
737
Computer and Data Processing Services
258
73B
811
Legal Services
259
73B
871
Engineering, Architectural, and Surveying services
260
73B
872
Accounting, Auditing, and Bookkeeping
261
73B
899
Services, nec
263
73C+77B
732
Credit Reporting and Collection
264
73C+77B
733
Mailing, Reproduction, Stenographic
265
73C+77B
734
Services to dwellings and Other Buildings
266
73C+77B
735
Misc. Equipment Rental and Leasing
267
73C+77B
736
Personnel Supply Services
268
73C+77B
738
Miscellaneous Business Services
269
73C+77B
769
Miscellaneous Repair Shops
270
73C+77B
821
Elementary and Secondary Schools
271
73C+77B
822
Colleges, Universities, and Professional schools
272
73C+77B
823
Libraries
273
73C+77B
824
Vocational schools
274
73C+77B
829
Schools & Educational Services, NEC nec
275
73C+77B
832
Accounting, Auditing, and Bookkeeping
276
73C+77B
833
Job training and Related Services
277
73C+77B
835
Child Day Care Services
278
73C+77B
836
Residential Care
279
73C+77B
839
Social Services, nec
280
73C+77B
841
Museums and Art Galleries
281
73C+77B
842
Botanical and Zoological Gardens
282
73C+77B
861
Business Associations
283
73C+77B
862
Professional organizations
284
73C+77B
863
Labor Organizations
285
73C+77B
864
Civic and Social Associations
286
73C+77B
865
Political Organizations
287
73C+77B
866
Religious Organizations
288
73C+77B
869
Membership Organizations, NEC
289
73C+77B
873
Research and Testing Services
290
73C+77B
874
Management and Public Relations
291
73D
731
Advertising
292
74
58
Eating and Drinking Places
293
75
751
Automotive Rental and Leasing, without drivers
294
75
752
Automobile Parking
295
75
753
Automotive Repair shops
296
75
754
Automotive Services, Except Repair
297
76
781
Motion Picture Production and Services
298
76
782
Motion Picture Distribution and Services
299
76
783
Motion Picture Theaters
300
76
784
Video Tape Rental
301
76
791
Dance Studios, Schools, and Halls
302
76
792
Producers, Orchestras, Entertainers
303
76
793
Bowling Centers
304
76
794
Commercial Sports
305
76
799
Misc. Amusement, Recreation Services
306
77A
074
Veterinary Services
307
77A
801
Offices and Clinics of Medical Doctors
308
77A
802
Offices and Clinics of Dentists
309
77A
803
Offices of Osteopathic Physicians
310
77A
804
Offices of Other Health Practitioners
311
77A
805
Nursing and Personal Care Facilities
312
77A
806
Hospitals
313
77A
807
Medical and Dental Laboratories
314
77A
808
Home Health Care Services
315
77A
809
Health and Allied Services, NEC
317
65C
441
Deep Sea Foreign Trans. of Freight
318
65C
442
Deep Sea Domestic Trans. of Freight
319
65C
443
Freight Trans. on the Great Lakes
320
65C
444
Water Transportation of Freight, NEC
321
65C
448
Water Transportation of Passengers
322
65C
449
Water Transportation Services
323
C
C
Construction
324
F
F
Wholesale Trade
325
G
G, excluding 58
Retail Trade
326
J
J
Government Enterprises
7Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1987, Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget.
8For a description of the systems used in the I-O accounts, see the section "Definitions and conventions for classification" in the Survey of Current Business, U.S. Department of Commerce, November 1997, Vol. 77.
APPENDIX 2: INDIRECT BUSINESS TAX RATES, 1992
id
State
Employee
Compensation
IBT
IBT Rate
1
Alabama
$ 48,940
$ 5,361
10.95%
2
Arkansas
$ 24,814
$ 3,222
12.98%
3
Florida
$ 163,302
$ 29,193
17.88%
4
Georgia
$ 94,516
$ 11,890
12.58%
5
Illinois
$ 182,240
$ 24,050
13.20%
6
Indiana
$ 75,229
$ 8,649
11.50%
7
Iowa
$ 33,305
$ 4,541
13.63%
8
Kansas
$ 32,376
$ 4,400
13.59%
9
Kentucky
$ 43,192
$ 6,533
15.13%
10
Louisiana
$ 46,984
$ 9,229
19.64%
11
Minnesota
$ 69,174
$ 8,657
12.51%
12
Mississippi
$ 24,200
$ 3,400
14.05%
13
Missouri
$ 69,562
$ 8,346
12.00%
14
Nebraska
$ 20,503
$ 2,761
13.47%
15
Ohio
$ 151,145
$ 17,612
11.65%
16
Oklahoma
$ 35,350
$ 4,451
12.59%
17
Oregon
$ 37,763
$ 4,563
12.08%
18
Tennessee
$ 65,211
$ 8,714
13.36%
19
Texas
$ 233,187
$ 39,991
17.15%
20
United States
$ 3,627,099
$ 505,591
13.94%
21
Washington
$ 76,180
$ 12,823
16.83%
22
West Virginia
$ 17,693
$ 2,602
14.71%
23
Wisconsin
$ 67,554
$ 9,317
13.79%
Millions of dollars
Source: Comprehensive Revision of Gross State Product by Industry, 1977-94. Survey of Current Business, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Vol. 77, Number 6, June 1997.
The Kit contains a database of price indexes for 1987-1997 by industry.9 Because of the lack of published price index numbers for some of the industries, and because of the many aggregation schemes, it was necessary to interpolate many of the actual price index numbers in the Kit’s price index database. For missing price index numbers, the interpolation consisted of fitting the missing price index number into an appropriate industry aggregation level for which a price index number existed. For example, if industry x did not have price index numbers, and it belonged in an industrial aggregate made up of industries x, y, and z for which a price index was known, then industry x was assigned that price index number. The accompanying table is the Kit’s database of price indexes.
_files/Image42.gif)
9The major data sources for the Kit's price indexes database are:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Statistics. United States Government Printing Office.
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producers Price Index Detailed Report, various years.
APPENDIX 4: LIST OF KITS ASSESS TABLES
1D
One digit SIC to BEA bridge for regionalizing data.
2D
Two digit SIC to BEA bridge for regionalizing data.
3D
Three digit SIC to BEA bridge for regionalizing data.
capitalexp
Capital Expenditures list and amounts.
cargorevenue
Cargo Revenues based tonnage, unit cost, and mode.
choice
Datafile descriptors; Aggregation choice, year, locale, etc.
datatable
Producer Price index data by year vs industry.
IBT
Indirect Business Tax data for several states and nation, Survey of Current Business.
NewADJCOS
The "A" matrix, a regioanlized version of NewCoefficients.
NewCoefficients
The National "A" matrix of coefficients.
NewInverse
The Leontief inverse of (I-A).
PortUsers
The data for the Port Users section.
RPCs
The regional purchase coefficients, these regionalize "A."
tblCode
The industry names for various BEA codes.
tblMULT
The output multipliers.
tblRats
The Employment:Output ratio, Payroll:Output ratio, and adjusted Employee Compensation row from NewInverse.
tblScrap
Contains the Scrap industry data, as well as output and the three bridges.
u1D
The aggregation of the national USE table, bridged to 1-digit SIC. Q being total commodity output.
u2D
The aggregation of the national USE table, bridged to 2-digit SIC.
u3D
The aggregation of the national USE table, bridged to 3-digit SIC.
v1D
The aggregation of the national MAKE table, bridged to 1-digit SIC. X being total commodity output.
v2D
The aggregation of the national MAKE table, bridged to 2-digit SIC.
v3D
The aggregation of the national MAKE table, bridged to 3-digit SIC.
aggScrap
The aggregated scrap values.
qryDetail
The bridged version of the data the user entered in "1D", "2D", "3D."
qryMODa
Rail, Truck, Barge data summed from Cargo Revenue section, internal to port.
qryMULT
The multipliers.
qryRRTB
Rail, Truck, Barge impacts, external to port.
qrySumINV
The column sums of NewInverse.
- 1.1 Setup Program